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2021 Impact Report

California's Federal Labs & Research Centers

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  • Overview & Disaster Resilience
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CALIFORNIA’s FEDERAL LABS: 2020 IMPACT REPORT

Six federal laboratories and science centers have formal partnerships with CCST. The following reports offer a glimpse of the resources and expertise that each lab can offer to California’s decision makers, including examples of ongoing collaborations with universities, businesses, and agencies, and where federal research has been successfully translated into policy advice or industry solutions.

NASA

• NASA Ames Research Center
• NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

DOE

• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
• Sandia National Laboratories/California
• SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Economic Impacts
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California's Federal Laboratories
    Add a header to begin generating the table of contents

    NASA Ames Research Center

    Ames Campus Web

    www.nasa.gov/ames

    Moffett Field, Santa Clara County (AD-24, SD-13)

    Eugene L. Tu, PhD, Center Director

    Lisa Lockyer, Government Affairs [email protected]

    Matt Buffington, Public Affairs [email protected]

    NASA’S PORTAL TO SILICON VALLEY

    NASA Ames Research Center (NASA Ames) was established in 1939 as the second laboratory of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and named for the chair of NACA, Joseph S. Ames. With the formation of NASA in 1958 the Laboratory was renamed the NASA Ames Research Center. It was located at Moffett Field in Sunnyvale, California, now the heart of Silicon Valley. Originally, NASA Ames research focused on construction of increasingly sophisticated wind tunnels, research aircraft, and methods of theoretical aerodynamics. Today NASA Ames is a leader in nanotechnology, information technology, fundamental space biology, biotechnology, thermal protection systems, and human factors research. NASA Ames serves as an active portal bringing together specialized NASA R&D along with a research cluster of affiliated high-tech companies, universities and other federal laboratories to advance both NASA’s mission and the American economy.

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    Companies (Since 1997)

    Impact to the Region and State

    NASA Ames provides expertise to California through a highly talented cadre of scientists and engineers experienced in leveraging their unique capabilities with renowned research universities, social entrepreneurs, and top business executives. The Ames presence in Silicon Valley offers California easy access to NASA technologies, facilities, and expertise. NASA Ames and its partners provide California with the opportunity to quickly gain access to a wide range of potential solutions to challenging regional concerns.

    NASA Ames generates quantifiable financial benefits in California as a result of its activities. Operating activities at NASA Ames provides the state with $1.65 billion in annual economic benefits and supports approximately 9,400 permanent jobs.

    The NASA Small Business Innovation Research/ Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) programs provided more than $40 million in Phase I and Phase II awards to California firms, resulting in an estimated economic impact of more than $83 million and 378 jobs in 2015.

    Resources and Expertise for California Governance

    NASA Ames’ service to both the state and region includes:

      1. Being a trusted source of subject matter experts.
      2. Unique aerospace and earth science technologies.
      3. Advanced modeling and simulation capabilities.
      4. Facilities testing and intellectual property for supporting collaborations leading to regional economic development.

    Ames develops groundbreaking technologies for NASA missions, while seeking to promote collaboration with U.S. industry. Many NASA- developed technologies and discoveries have practical applications and significant future commercial value through the creation of new industries, products, services, and jobs (e.g., small inexpensive satellites).

    NASA Ames is deeply committed to collaborations, both public and private. Ames has partnered with the California Department of Water Resources, the California Department of Parks, the California Natural Resources Agency, and the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission. Such collaborations offer breakthroughs each year for the benefit of the American public. As such, NASA Ames continues to expand partnerships that can leverage taxpayer-funded NASA research and technology for the benefit of the State of California and the country.

    Success Story: Setting Aircraft Efficiency Standards

    While most people equate NASA with space exploration, the agency helps set standards across the general aviation industry and influences how Americans fly every day. Empirical Systems Aerospace, Inc. of San Luis Obispo, California, received SBIR awards to increase efficiency in commercial aircrafts, resulting in lower fuel costs and fewer harmful emissions. The work has led to follow-on NASA contracts, subcontracts with the Department of Defense, and increased collaboration with many of the nation’s top companies.

    Recent Headlines

    “How NASA Ames Is Helping the FAA Brace for the Rise of Delivery Drones” – KQED, July 8, 2019

    “Astronauts on the moon and Mars may grow their homes there out of mushrooms, says NASA” – CNN, January 17, 2020

    “Looking for Another Earth? Here Are 300 Million, Maybe” – New York Times, November 5, 2020

    Legislators Say...

    “NASA Ames is a vital source of innovation in the Silicon Valley region. The scientific breakthroughs developed there are a great boon to all Californians.” — Assemblymember Marc Berman (D-Palo Alto)

    “Thanks to the ingenuity of NASA Ames’ research and development, the technology pioneered for exploration of space also has important applications in meeting the challenges we face on Earth. From COVID to climate change, and water treatment to disaster response, NASA Ames offers solutions that can help us battle the emergencies that confront us today and aid us in building resilience for our future.” — Senator Josh Becker (D-San Mateo)

    NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

    JPL Campus Web

    www.jpl.nasa.gov

    Pasadena/La Cañada Flintridge, Los Angeles County (AD-43, SD-25)

    Michael Watkins, PhD, Director

    Patty Rhee, Government Affairs [email protected]

    FROM DEFENSE TO DISCOVERY

    NASA JPL’s roots date to the 1930s, when students at Caltech — collectively known as the “Suicide Squad” — gathered to test rocket engines near Pasadena, California.

    During the 1940s and 1950s, JPL grew as it developed rockets and other technologies for the U.S. Army. JPL designed, built, and operated America’s first satellite, Explorer 1, launched in 1958. Explorer 1 also delivered the first science finding from space — the discovery of Earth’s Van Allen radiation belts. Later that year, Congress established NASA, and JPL was transferred to the space agency. Since then, NASA JPL has sent robotic spacecraft to all of the planets in the Solar System, and is responsible for all four rovers that have explored the surface of Mars. In addition, NASA JPL conducts significant programs in earth sciences, spacebased astronomy, and technology research and development.

    By the Numbers
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    Patents Registered (Since 2007)

    Impact to the Region and State

    Home to Mars rovers, space telescopes and an array of Earth-orbiting satellites, the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is one of NASA’s premier research facilities. Beginning in the 1960s, NASA JPL made news as it created America’s first satellite and sent the first robotic spacecraft to the planets. As of 2017, NASA JPL is responsible for 19 spacecraft and 10 major instruments carrying out active missions. In addition, NASA JPL developed and manages NASA’s Deep Space Network, a worldwide system of antennas that communicate with interplanetary spacecraft.

    As a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC), NASA JPL is staffed and managed for NASA by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). This unique relationship creates an intellectual infusion with a university campus whose faculty and alumni have garnered 31 Nobel Prizes, 53 National Medals of Science, and 12 National Medals of Technology. This Caltech-JPL synergy is boosted by cooperative initiatives, dedicated research seed funding, and joint-faculty appointments. Furthermore NASA JPL’s research is conducted in 1,138 laboratory or technical rooms in 76 buildings on the main campus and extends into space with 29 currently active missions.

    Resources and Expertise for California Governance

    NASA JPL’s expertise is of particular potential benefit to California in two broad areas: 1) regional decision support systems based on Earth observations and models, and 2) advanced technology and earth science.

    Resources include airborne and spaceborne instruments that remotely:

      1. Measure ground subsidence due to aquifer discharge and recharge or natural events.
      2. Provide multi-decade observations of sea level rise.
      3. Measure changes in coastal regions due to erosion and changes in plant health.
      4. Detect and help quantify greenhouse gas emissions and characterize ozone sources.
      5. Quantify with high accuracy water stored as snow.
      6. Assess the health of forest ecosystems for post- fire land management restoration decisions.
      7. Detect changes and threats to critical infrastructure such as the Bay-Delta levees.
      8. Provide information on damage extent for emergency response teams following natural disasters.

    NASA JPL is advancing technology in the areas of energy systems, robotics, miniaturized sensors, artificial intelligence, autonomy and remote sensing. These advances in natural hazards, climate change and ecosystems science will offer deep insights for California policymakers.

    Recent Headlines

    Governor Newsom State of the State at Dodgers Stadium with a JPL background.
    Governor Newsom congratulates NASA JPL’s Mars 2020 Perseverance team on their successful landing in his 2021 “State of the State” address.

    “NASA’s Perseverance rover makes safe landing on Mars” – Los Angeles Times, February 18, 2021

    Legislators Say...

    “The dedicated scientists at NASA/ JPL are continuously pushing the boundaries of human discovery, from a mission to Mars to new insights into how Earth’s lands, oceans, and climate are evolving. The discoveries and technologies made there improve the lives of all Californians and make us more resilient when confronting natural disasters and climate change. And, how about the amazing Perseverance and its helicopter!” — Senator Anthony Portantino (D-La Canada Flintridge)

    “In meeting the challenges of robotic space exploration, JPL brings new knowledge to California that keeps our state a world leader in science and technology. JPL’s research and talented workforce are an asset to the 43rd Assembly District and greatly enhance our economic vitality.”— Assemblymember Laura Friedman (D-Glendale)

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

    LBNL Campus Web

    www.lbl.gov

    Berkeley, Alameda County (AD-15, SD-09)

    Michael Witherell, PhD, Director

    Jim Hawley, State and External Relations [email protected]

    Dan Krotz, Strategic Communications [email protected]

    A BEACON OVER BERKELEY

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) was founded in 1931 by Ernest Orlando Lawrence. Considered the father of multidisciplinary team science, Lawrence was a University of California (UC) Berkeley physicist who won the 1939 Nobel Prize in physics for his invention of the cyclotron, a circular particle accelerator that opened the door to high-energy physics and the foundation of today’s Nobel Prize- winning accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider.

    Today, Berkeley Lab is managed and operated by the University of California System for the Department of Energy (DOE). Berkeley Lab’s close relationship with UC Berkeley brings the intellectual capital of the university’s faculty, postdocs and students to bear on the nation’s great scientific questions, a partnership that underpins the lab’s extraordinary scientific productivity.

    By the Numbers
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    & Postdocs
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    Patents Issued (Last 10 Years)
    IP

    0

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    No. of

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    Startups Based on Tech

    Impact to the Region and State

    At the forefront of science, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) is committed to nonclassified research. Berkeley Lab scientists search for cleaner, more reliable sources of energy while making innovations in energy efficiency, green building design, and electric grid modernization. They study the Earth to understand why the climate is changing and how that impacts sectors such as agriculture.

    The Berkeley Lab also designs, builds, and houses some of the world’s most powerful microscopes, x-ray beams, and supercomputers. Berkeley Lab researchers aim to coax more power from solar cells, build better batteries, and develop clean biofuels for the future. They study questions as awe-inspiring as the formation of the universe, as relevant as water production and desalination, and as important as cybersecurity. They also can provide expertise on oil and gas geosciences, genetic analysis, and chemical and materials sciences.

    The Berkeley Lab partners with a number of California agencies — including the California Energy Commission, the California Geologic Energy Management Division, the Department of Water Resources, California Public Utilities Commission, and the California Air Resources Board — to support our state’s ambitious clean energy and environmental goals.

    Resources and Expertise for California Governance

    Berkeley Lab houses many “user facilities” — state-of-the art lasers, instruments, and computers available for industry and university use. In 2016, more than 11,700 researchers (40 percent from California research institutions) accessed these facilities, representing nearly one third of the total for all DOE user facility traffic nationwide. Work conducted at Berkeley Lab user facilities has led to the development of better medicines, new materials, and more efficient solar cells and batteries.

    The user facilities at the Berkeley Lab include:

    1. The Advanced Light Source produces extremely bright x-ray beams for examining the atomic and electronic structure of materials. Applications range from environmental, material science, and biology.

    2. Molecular Foundry is the DOE’s largest nanoscience center, allowing researchers to engineer new materials from fuel cell components to proteins.

    3. National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) is the world’s sixth most powerful supercomputer.

    4. Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) provides reliable, high-bandwidth connections that link scientists at federal labs, universities, and other institutions.

    5. The Joint Genome Institute helps researchers solve energy and environmental challenges with high throughput genomic capabilities and data analysis.

    Too numerous to detail, other notable user facilities include the FLEXLAB, the Advanced Biofuels Process Demonstration Unit, and other assets available to government, university, and corporate users.

    Recent Headlines

    “The Superpowers of Super-thin Materials” – The New York Times, January 7, 2020

    “Kill Your Gas Stove” – The Atlantic, October 15, 2020

    “Schools (and Children) Need a Fresh Air Fix” – Wired, October 14, 2020

    Legislators Say...

    Berkeley Lab is home to world- renowned scientific leaders. These brilliant minds are crafting the technology we need — today and tomorrow — to advance our lives, protect our planet, and enhance our economy. Berkeley Lab researchers are on the cutting edge of technological transformation, for California and the world.” — Senator Nancy Skinner (D-Berkeley)

     

    “Berkeley Lab is a world leading scientific institution. Its facilities are used by researchers across the state. Its scientists are helping lead the way on new technologies and innovations to tackle big challenges—from climate change, to energy storage and clean water, creating jobs for our state.” — Assemblymember Buffy Wicks (D-Oakland)

    Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

    LLNL Campus Web

    www.llnl.gov

    Livermore, Alameda County (AD-16, SD-07)

    Kim Budil, PhD, Director

    Scott F. Wilson, State Government Liaison [email protected]

    Lynda Seaver, Public Affairs [email protected]

    SCIENCE AND SECURITY IN THE ATOMIC AGE

    Our founders created Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 1952 as a “new ideas” lab, a place where innovative science and technical solutions to the nation’s most difficult security challenges and human progress are created. We continue this tradition, living our motto, “Science and Technology on a Mission,” by pushing the frontiers of what is or might be scientifically and technically possible.

    Team science is a hallmark of LLNL. Effective team science is enabled through a healthy research culture of respect, openness, workforce diversity and interdisciplinary collaboration. Mission delivery requires talented and committed staff, state-of-the-art facilities and equipment, and robust partnerships with colleagues at other national laboratories, and in government, universities and industry. These factors have been essential to the LLNL’s many achievements, and continue to be indispensable for the Laboratory’s vital missions and the advancement of science and technology.

    By the Numbers
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    Commercial Licenses

    Impact to the Region and State

    LLNL has a robust technology transfer program built on successful, mutually beneficial relationships with private industry. Access to Laboratory technologies, capabilities and intellectual property enables our industry partners to accelerate commercialization of technologies and products that strengthen regional and U.S. competitiveness and innovation. In return, research and development partnerships with industry enable LLNL to develop and sustain capabilities that support its national security mission.

    LLNL has deep and longstanding relationships with leading academic institutions, notably the University of California, which serve as research partners and workforce pipelines for many of its most sought-after positions. We in turn seek to inspire the next generation of researchers by providing opportunities for teachers and students to develop new skills and gain experience by participating in our various education and internship programs

    Resources and Expertise for California Governance

    Our strong science and technology foundation developed for national security missions is applicable to solving many of the challenges we face in California. A sampling of these research areas are listed below, and additional competencies can be found here.

    1. Energy Security and Climate Resilience - Secure and expand the supply and delivery of affordable, clean energy with technologies resilient to evolving natural and adversarial risks.

    2. Advanced Materials and Manufacturing - With a key focus on additive manufacturing, which is transforming manufacturing by producing novel materials with new structural, thermal, electrical, chemical, and photonic properties with an added goal of revolutionizing the design-build-test cycle. Examples include high-performance optics, biocompatible devices, advanced battery components, and radiation detection materials.

    3. High Performance Computing for Manufacturing/Innovation/Energy (HPC4Mfg) Program - Unites the world- class computing resources and expertise of Department of Energy national laboratories with U.S. manufacturers to deliver solutions that could revolutionize U.S.

    4. Laser and Optical technologies - Discovering industrial applications that strengthen U.S. economic security, including laser melting, precise material removal, precision heat treatment, mechanical strengthening such as laser peening, and heat-resistant optics.

    5. Forensic Science Center - One of only two U.S. laboratories to be internationally certified for identifying chemical warfare agents. The center also develops new tools for intelligence, law enforcement, homeland security, and healthcare

    Recent Headlines

    “California Can Be Carbon Neutral in 25 years—with Drastic Action” – Scientific American, February 1, 2020

    “El Capitan supercomputer to blow past rivals, with 2 quintillion calculations per second” – CNET, March 4, 2020

    Legislators Say...

    “LLNL is a huge contributor to California’s economy, providing high-end jobs, bringing in federal research dollars, and forming academic and industrial partnerships. I never hesitate to hold up LLNL as a shining example of the technological and entrepreneurial excellence that the Bay Area can offer.” — Senator Steve Glazer (D-Orinda)

     

    “LLNL has been a leader in national security and fundamental science for generations, and its many contributions, inventive technologies, and passion for STEM education have helped shape California’s and the East Bay region’s thriving innovation ecosystems. We’re proud to have such an important institution as part of our community.” — Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan (D-Orinda)

    Sandia National Laboratories/California

    Sandia Campus Web

    www.sandia.gov

    Livermore, Alameda County (AD-16, SD-07)

    Andrew McIlroy, PhD, Integrated Security Solutions, Associate Labs Director for California

    Patrick Sullivan, Government Relations [email protected]

    Michael Padilla, Media Relations [email protected]

    NATIONAL SECURITY FROM “A” TO “Z”

    From its origins as a single-mission engineering organization for nonnuclear components of nuclear weapons, the Sandia National Laboratories now has multiple programs involved in a broad spectrum of national security issues. One of three National Nuclear Security Administration research and development laboratories, Sandia’s underlying mission is to develop advanced technologies to ensure global peace.

    Sandia began in 1945 as the “Z-Division” — the weapons design, testing, and assembly branch of Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. It officially became Sandia Laboratory in 1948, and in 1956 a second site was opened in California’s Livermore Valley. In 1979, Congress made Sandia a Department of Energy National Laboratory. In 1993, Sandia became a government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) laboratory under Lockheed Martin Corporation. Today Honeywell, International, Inc. manages and operates Sandia.

    By the Numbers
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    0%

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    $0

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    Impact to the Region and State

    For more than 50 years, the California campus of Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia/California) has delivered essential science and technology to resolve the nation’s most challenging security issues.

    Many of these nationwide security challenges — like energy resources, transportation, immigration, ports, and more — surfaced early for the State of California, providing this Sandia campus with a special opportunity to contribute to the first wave of science and technology solutions serving the United States.

    In addition to the research performed, Sandia California boosts our state’s regional and statewide economy, with contracts totaling more than $92 million dollars directed to small businesses, and $146 million total in contracts across all California businesses.

    Sandia/California is located on the Livermore Valley Open Campus, a 110-acre campus that brings academia and businesses together with researchers from Sandia and its DOE sibling, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

    Resources and Expertise for California Governance

    Sandia/California researchers pursue a variety of security and resource management research.

    The lab’s transportation programs are delivering new technologies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and reduce petroleum use. And its Combustion Research Facility focuses on improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions. Its robust solar, wind, and geothermal research and development programs have contributed to a widespread deployment of renewable energy technology. The lab’s energy storage and grid integration programs also help address California’s efforts meet requirements for its renewable portfolio.

    Sandia/California also develops and prepares mitigations plans and technical solutions for natural and man-made disasters. For example, the lab signed a memorandum of agreement with the California Fire and Rescue Training Authority to deliver an emergency response framework to the California Exercise Simulation Center. Their SUMMIT tool aids in preparing for man-made or natural disasters by improving the cycle of activities that emergency response teams undertake. The enhanced, 3-D virtual view of hazard damage creates a new level of realism, and a common operating picture for members in exercises at nation, regional, and local levels.

    Recent Headlines

    “Can Diesel Finally Come Clean?” – Scientific American, December 19, 2019

    “HPE, AMD win deal for U.S. supercomputer to model nuclear weapons” – Reuters, March 4, 2020

    "The people who imagine disasters” – BBC, 7th July 2020

    Legislators Say...

    “Sandia has been an integral part of the East Bay for over 60 years. It engineers solutions for our country’s national security challenges, advances low-carbon energy technologies, and develops clean transportation systems. Sandia’s contributions are felt across California and the country.” — Senator Steve Glazer (D-Orinda)

     

    “For more than 60 years in California, Sandia National Laboratories has built on its reputation for delivering results to address our nation’s most complex national security challenges and developing innovative energy solutions to advance next generation energy technologies.” — Assemblymember Rebecca Bauer-Kahan (D-Orinda)

    SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

    SSRL facility.

    www.slac.stanford.edu

    Menlo Park, San Mateo County (AD-24, SD-13)

    Chi-Chang Kao, PhD, Director

    Erika Bustamante, State Government Relations [email protected]

    Melinda Lee, Communications [email protected]

    ACCELERATING PARTICLES AND THE FUTURE

    The people, expertise and facilities at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) offer potential to transform nearly every sector of our economy.

    These include studies of the very small, fundamental processes of chemistry, to the very large exploration and understanding of the cosmos, dark matter, and dark energy. SLAC experts have a long record of developing novel instruments and technologies to provide unparalleled insight into the natural world — and they lead and participate in many large-scale national and international scientific collaborations.

    Stanford University operates SLAC for the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Science. Located in Menlo Park, SLAC is home to the world’s premier ultrafast X-ray science center. Extremely bright and fast X-ray pulses are used to create movies of atomic and molecular structures and interactions with unprecedented precision — driving advances in energy science, human health, industrial chemistry, novel materials, information technology, and more.

    By the Numbers
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    $0

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    Million (2019)
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    $0

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    Impact to the Region and State

    The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) contributes to California’s global reputation as
    a hub of innovation. SLAC invents, develops, and operates sophisticated particle accelerator and X-ray technology and other scientific tools, including sensors, detectors, controllers, lasers, and systems for working with torrents of data and images. SLAC also develops novel laser architectures for our own research and work with local laser firms, further securing California as a hub of the optical laser industry. Through CalCharge, SLAC supports California energy storage firms.

    Each year, SLAC hosts thousands of researchers who come here to use its sophisticated X-ray facilities for a wide range of basic and applied science — including California companies developing new pharmaceuticals, improving chip manufacturing and developing sensor technology for self-driving cars.

    SLAC has deep ties to a major university — their employees are Stanford University employees, and the SLAC director is a dean of Stanford. SLAC’s expertise and ties with Stanford are a powerful combination, and allow them to provide unique educational experiences and serve as a vital training ground for the nation’s future scientific workforce. SLAC educates the public through tours, lectures, and outreach programs, and it also provides internships and fellowships to students and early career professionals.

    Resources and Expertise for California Governance

    SLAC has world-leading expertise in the design, engineering, and fabrication of advanced electronics, sensors, detectors, instrumentation — in addition to largescale data handling and computing systems, and associated facilities that help advance real-world applications. These include:

    1. Structural biology research aimed at understanding disease and developing and improving treatment.
    2. Next-generation batteries, improved manufacturing techniques for semiconductors, solar cells and other products.
    3. Scientific computing, and control system hardware and software.
    4. Improved medical imaging.
    5. Electric grid modernization and more efficient catalysts for energy and industry.
    6. Tracing and mitigating environmental contamination.
    7. Next-generation particle accelerator technology.

    On the ground, SLAC has the ability and knowledge to manage major, complex scientific infrastructure projects that require the development of entirely new technologies. And at the edge of human exploration, SLAC’s experts can guide us in understanding the context and importance of dark matter, dark energy, particle physics — and the evolution of the cosmos itself.

    Recent Headlines

    “Silicon Valley X-ray Laser Used To See Attosecond Electron Movement” – Forbes, Dec 2, 2019

    “New Particle Accelerator Fits on a Silicon Chip” –Scientific American, January 4, 2020

    “California Scientists Build A Camera To Take Pictures Of Huge Swath Of Sky” – NPR, September 8, 2020

    Legislators Say...

    “SLAC has long been in the forefront of innovation, pushing the merely imaginable into the realm of reality. SLAC continues to break new ground across its research portfolio. Ranging from preparation and early action solutions to real-time monitoring and response, as well as recovery, the work of SLAC scientists today in disaster resilience research resonates particularly strongly.” — Senator Josh Becker (D-San Mateo)

     

    “SLAC National Accelerator Lab continues to push the frontiers of our fundamental scientific knowledge. Their unique capabilities play a key role in establishing our scientific leadership and laying the groundwork for our progress toward a clean, sustainable energy future.” — Assemblymember Marc Berman (D-Palo Alto)

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    2021 Impact Report

    California's Federal Labs & Research Centers

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    • Overview & Disaster Resilience
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    Overview

    Six federal laboratories and science centers in California have formal partnerships with CCST – the State’s premier resource to connect decision makers with leading scientists in California and beyond – as Federal Laboratory Partners. This Impact Report offers a glimpse of the resources and expertise that each lab can offer to California’s decision makers.

    Each federal entity boasts a government relations team able to assist local, state, and federal offices. Together with CCST, these liaisons serve as a resource for community members and officials who want to learn more about federal labs and their broader impact for California. CCST helps facilitate links across the capabilities and talents of these labs and centers, and can help Members and Capitol staff navigate the tremendous resources spread across federal labs and science centers in California.

    With this report, we invite you to learn how our federal labs and research centers help make California stronger with science and technology.

    Federal Labs Impact Report 2021 Cover Web
    Full Report (PDF)
    Press Release & More

    Introduction

    Dear Fellow Californians:

    As a state whose motto proclaims proudly—Eureka!—California’s bounty of advanced research institutions is decidedly appropriate. Alongside academic powerhouses such as the University of California, Stanford, and Caltech, we also take pride in our unrivaled collection of federal laboratories and research centers.

    Federal labs and research centers are set apart from other institutions by bringing to bear large-scale, mission-based projects and facilities on some of humanity’s most pressing and difficult scientific questions. They represent billions of dollars of federal research investment, providing a wealth of knowledge and expertise that California can draw on. These labs take us deep inside the genetic code, support the foundations of our energy and national security, and even launch us toward the stars.

    Today, California is at a crossroads. Complex and intersecting disasters, including wildfires, climate change, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, are radically disrupting the ways in which Californians live and work, and threatening catastrophic loss of life and economic impacts. California’s federal labs and research centers are leveraging their world class expertise and technologies—as well as passionate researchers, students, and support staff—to invest in our resilience to disasters.

    The unique nature of our federal labs and research centers puts them in an ideal position to pursue research and development in service of the public good. Whether it is an electricity grid infrastructure that is more resistant to disruptions from extreme weather events, satellite monitoring of developing wildfires to aid our first responders, or new technologies for purifying drinking water in the wake of an earthquake, the breakthroughs developed in these labs continue to benefit millions of Californians every year.

    As California continues to move forward and confront big challenges, these labs and centers are ready to help. Here, we invite you to learn about just a few of the many ways that our federal labs and research centers are helping to make California—and the whole nation—more resilient.

    Sincerely,

    Amber Mace, PhD
    CCST
    Executive Director

    Peter Cowhey, PhD
    CCST Board Chair
    UC San Diego

    Terry Land, PhD
    CCST Federal Lab Partners Chair Lawrence Livermore
    National Laboratory

    Accessing California’s Federal Labs

    Table of Contents
      Add a header to begin generating the table of contents
      Benefiting Governance and Livelihoods

       

      California is home to a diverse range of federal labs, science centers, and field stations, spanning several U.S. agencies, departments, and bureaus. Six of these are founding members of CCST’s Federal Laboratory Partners:

       

      National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Field Centers

      •  Ames Research Center

      •  Jet Propulsion Laboratory

      U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Laboratories

      •  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

      •  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

      •  Sandia National Laboratories/California

      •  SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

      Why Tap into Federal Science?

      Uniquely Positioned

      Federal agencies such as DOE and NASA are uniquely positioned to contribute to California’s scientific conversation. They leverage the might of federally directed research resources and facilities — bringing mission-oriented research and scientific facilities that complement the wealth of expertise at University of California, California State University, Caltech, Stanford, and other campuses.

      Trusted Research Partners

      Federal research includes many focal areas that can directly inform policy questions at the state level. Federal labs can partner with state agencies and campuses to conduct studies vital for our understanding of natural and physical processes. These federal-state-university partnerships require time for planning and implementation, but they yield collaborations and important knowledge for lifetimes.

      Service to Policymakers

      Each federal entity boasts a government relations team able to assist local, state, and federal offices. Together with CCST, these liaisons serve as a resource for community members and officials who want to learn more about federal labs and their broader impact for California.

      CCST Federal Laboratory Affiliates
      CCST Federal Laboratory Affiliates
      Why CCST?

      The California Council on Science and Technology (CCST) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization established via Assembly Concurrent Resolution 162 in 1988. The resolution directed CCST “to respond to the Governor, the Legislature, and other entities on public policy issues related to science and technology.” To deliver independent advice to state policymakers, CCST engages science and technology (S&T) experts across California’s research enterprise, including through formal partnerships with the University of California (UC), California State University (CSU), California Community Colleges (CCC), Stanford, the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and the six federal laboratory partners described above.

      By connecting policymakers with leading scientists in California and beyond, CCST increases policymaker access to S&T advice that is informed by diverse expert perspectives. Over the past three decades, state leaders have requested CCST reports and expert briefings on many issues of policy importance, from natural gas storage safety to sustainable water futures. The connections we facilitate between policymakers and scientists also enhance the ability of our 11 Partner Institutions to transmit S&T information for the ublic good, including by expanding opportunities for experts to participate in the policy arena and by identifying questions that will drive future research and innovation.

      About the CCST Partnership with Federal Laboratories

      In 2005, there was growing interest by state leaders to improve access to expertise found at federal laboratories and science centers across California, and engage them on issues affecting the Golden State.

      The call for advice coincided with conversations and coordination already ongoing between CCST and several federal research institutions in California. CCST welcomed six new Partner Institutions.

      Of the six institutions, four came from the U.S. Department of Energy: the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; and two came from NASA: the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Ames Research Center.

      CCST Disaster Resilience Initiative

      In 2020, in recognition of a need for more agile science and technology advisory frameworks for the state and the increasing threat of natural disasters in California, CCST launched a Disaster Resilience Initiative, focused on increasing the delivery and responsiveness of the science advisory support provided by CCST’s science and technology experts to California policymakers. This five-year public-private partnership will convene diverse, interdisciplinary experts from throughout CCST’s network to address the State’s most urgent disaster resilience advisory needs through a series of needs- finding workshops, briefings to policymakers, advisory meetings, and other engagements.

      When to Contact CCST?

      Policymakers should contact CCST:

      •  During policy development, to obtain data and advice from subject area experts.

      •  During the legislative process, to find experts for testimony at policy, fiscal, select committee, and other hearings.

      •  During implementation and regulatory enforcement, accessing current science to review standards, technologies, efficacy, and relevance.

      •  When analyzing natural disasters and human- engineered catastrophes and planning for prevention, preparation, response to, and recovery from these events.

      •  If your office is considering legislation, regulations, or other work products that you believe would benefit from science and technology expertise, or if you are seeking data and advice to strengthen your decisions with science, contact CCST — and we will help you navigate the bounty of top scientific minds available to California.

       

      How CCST Can Help

       

      CCST can help Legislators, appointed officials, and Capitol and executive branch staff navigate the tremendous resources spread across federal labs and science centers in California.

      CCST’s access to the Federal Laboratory Affiliates has resulted in several high-impact reports that have been useful to state leaders, delivering timely, nonpartisan, scientific analysis on complex issues. Examples include:

      Oct 29, 2020

      Read More

      The Costs of Wildfire in California

      Jun 7, 2018

      Page from biomethane report
      Read More

      Biomethane in California Common Carrier Pipelines: Assessing Heating Value and Maximum Siloxane Specifications

      Jan 18, 2018

      Long-Term Viability of Underground Natural Gas Storage in California: An Independent Review of Scientific and Technical Information
      Read More

      Long-Term Viability of Underground Natural Gas Storage in California

      Jan 14, 2015

      Well Stimulation SB4 Volume 1
      Read More

      An Independent Scientific Assessment of Well Stimulation in California, Vol. 1 (SB4)

      Federal Labs Research Benefiting California

      In Service to the Nation and Its States

       

      California has a long history of dealing with a wide variety of disasters and threats, from wildfires and earthquakes to pandemics and bioterrorism. Because of their state-of-the-art facilities, longstanding collaborations, and cross-disciplinary organization, the federal labs in California are uniquely positioned to coordinate the large research projects needed to develop technologies and inform strategies to improve the state’s resilience.

      Below is a small sample of the labs’ recent and ongoing research with major implications for how California prevents, prepares for, responds to, and recovers from disasters. This overview is not an exhaustive list of all projects and research areas at these institutions, nor does it represent all federal labs and science centers located here in California. However, these highlights do illustrate the amazing breadth of federal research and applications available to policymakers in Sacramento.

       

      NASA Ames               NASA Ames Research Center

      NASA JPL                  NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

      Berkeley Lab              Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

      LLNL                          Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

      Sandia/California       Sandia National Laboratories/California

      SLAC                          SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

      Preparing for Disasters
       Berkeley Lab researchers built a numerical model of the Cosumnes River watershed, to study post wildfire effects on water availability (Credit: Berkeley Lab)
      Berkeley Lab researchers built a numerical model of the Cosumnes River watershed, to study post wildfire effects on water availability (Credit: Berkeley Lab)
      Wildfire fuel reduction (Berkeley Lab)

      Mechanical thinning of old growth forests is an important strategy to reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfires in the wildland-urban interface. However, removal of low-value biomass is uneconomic, and most wood piles are burned. With support from CAL FIRE, Berkeley Lab is teaming up with other researchers to develop a mobile biorefinery that can process woody biomass and convert it into biopower, biofuels, and biochar with minimal carbon or airborne emissions. Unlike conventional biorefineries that require large-scale feedstock removal, this mobile unit can be transported by truck to regions where the biomass is located. This technology represents an important step toward a circular bioeconomy, as excess agricultural and forest residues can be converted into valuable products.

      Charging portable devices (LLNL)

      Building upon previous research, a team of researchers from LLNL, with collaborators from Sun Yat-Sen University and the University of California, Santa Cruz, has developed a novel class of 3D-printed aerogel electrodes that simultaneously boosts energy density and power density. Previous 3D-printed electrodes could achieve either high energy density or high power density but not both, but this new design boosts both parameters in the same device. The resulting supercapacitors could have major implications for ultrafast- charging power storage for a broad range of devices, including cell phones and laptops. Read More.

      Climate change projections (NASA Ames)

      The NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) is a Big Data initiative using NASA Ames’ supercomputers to help scientists work with huge data sets from Earth-observing satellites. Among the many projects of NEX have been initiatives to understand climate projections on a finer scale and to study how climate changes might affect a single town or region, like the Bay Area. The data from NEX projects becomes available in a NASA archive, helping inform policymakers’, agencies’ and other stakeholders’ decisions about our climate future. Read More.

      Predicting landslides (NASA JPL)

      Slow moving landslides, in which the earth moves very slowly over a long period of time, can unexpectedly destabilize, causing catastrophic loss of life and property damage. A team of researchers at NASA JPL, collaborating with scientists at University of California, Berkeley and the US Geological Survey, is developing a new 3D mapping technique to predict how these landslides suddenly transition and enable authorities to better prepare for landslide risks. The technique relies on high resolution data gathered using JPL’s Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR), which makes precise measurements of the ground level it flies over. UAVSAR has also provided data for other disasters and ground deformation changes, including burn areas from the 2020 California wildfires. Read More.

      Oil Refinery Hazards (SLAC)

      For oil refineries in the US, sulfur present in the oil can react with metals in the equipment and cause corrosion, though this important safety hazard can be hard to predict. Researchers at SLAC are using X-rays from the lab’s Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource in order to collect detailed information about the sulfur compounds in the oil. This precise experimental information can be combined with data from corrosion studies and computer modeling in order to help the oil industry more accurately predict and prevent dangerous corrosion of equipment. Read More.

      Climate change simulations (Berkeley Lab, LLNL)

      Berkeley Lab’s National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) advanced supercomputers are enabling high-resolution climate simulations that help local decision makers quantitatively understand how climate change may intensify extreme weather events and impact water availability and infrastructure. For example, the City and County of San Francisco has partnered with Berkeley lab to assess how climate change could impact San Francisco and its infrastructure, including the San Francisco Airport. Berkeley Lab scientists, in collaboration with LLNL and university labs, are also using NERSC to develop an advanced hydrologic model of the Consumnes watershed to study how climate change and wildfires might affect California’s water availability and help resource managers develop strategies to manage the state’s water resources. This model can be adapted to other California watersheds to explore future scenarios, evaluate risks, and improve planning. Read More.

      Modeling hurricanes (NASA JPL)

      A team led by NASA JPL scientists, in collaboration with IBM and the National Hurricane Center, is using machine learning to more accurately forecast when hurricanes will intensify suddenly, providing vital time to prepare an adequate emergency response. By analyzing historical satellite data from several NASA missions, the team identified three indicators associated with an increased chance of intensification: the rainfall rate at the storm’s core, the ice water content of clouds within the storm, and the temperature of air flowing away from the eye of the storm. Incorporating these indicators into forecasting models through the use of machine learning resulted in a 60% more likely chance of accurately detecting an intensification event compared to existing models. Read More.

      Sea level rise (Sandia/California, NASA JPL)

      As we continue to grapple with the long term impacts of climate change, reliably predicting the extent and impacts of sea-level rise is a major component of climate resilience. A team of scientists and Sandia/California has been developing new models to predict the behavior of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. As part of a five year collaboration with other labs and universities known called PISCEES (Predicting Ice Sheet and Climate Evolution at Extreme Scales), Sandia’s team developed an analysis tool to simulate the flow of ice over the Greenland and Antarctic sheets. By combining the insights from these tools with data sets from glaciologists and climate scientists, PISCEES can make more efficient and reliable predictions about ice sheet behavior.

      Home to sea level height satellites since 1978, NASA JPL measures and predicts sea level rise. A recently published study, led by JPL scientists, provides valuable insight into the processes that have driven historical global sea level rise, since 1900. The team tracked and accounted for the effects of a number of global factors, including melting glaciers and ice sheets, land bound water storage, and thermal expansion, to not only understand the past but also to improve predictions of future sea level rise and its impacts. This study used data from JPL’s suite of sea level height missions, as well as its pair of gravity-measuring satellites, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its Follow-On (GRACE-FO), which have also been used to provide data on drought and groundwater, including in the Central Valley in the context of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act. Read More.

      Protecting our water supply (Berkeley Lab)

      With snowmelt projected to decline by two-thirds by 2100, California will need new treatment and recycling technologies to meets its needs for climate-resilient water supplies. Berkeley Lab is leading the National Alliance for Water Innovation, a $130 million, five year initiative aimed at reducing the energy use and cost of desalination by 75%, paving the way for a circular water economy in which inland brackish and waste waters and other non-traditional water sources can be productively used and re-used. The initiative focuses on developing distributed technologies that can be used locally to reduce transportation costs and increase resilience during water delivery disruptions.

      Water quality and drought (SLAC)

      As California and the western US are expected to face threats of drought and flooding in the coming years, researchers are using SLAC’s Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource to study and anticipate how these hydrological changes will impact water quality. As water levels ebb and flow, nutrients, contaminants, and chemical reactions may all impact surface water quality. This SLAC research is centered in the Colorado River Basin, an important water source for Southern California. Read More.

       Outputs from NASA JPL’s Methane Source Finder tool, derived from airborne and surface monitoring networks. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
      Outputs from NASA JPL’s Methane Source Finder tool, derived from airborne and surface monitoring networks. (Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
      Building Resilient Infrastructure
      Greenhouse gas emissions (NASA JPL)

      Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases contributing to climate change, resulting from human activity. NASA JPL’s Next Generation Airborne Visible/ Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG) has been flown across the state to identify fugitive methane emissions, as part of its California Methane Survey. Monitoring methane plumes, JPL researchers were able to detect leaks in infrastructure from agriculture, landfills, and oil and gas utilities. By sharing the data with facility operators to aid in repairing these leaks, this campaign has driven significant voluntary mitigation of methane emissions. Read More.

      Developing a resilient grid (Sandia/California, SLAC)

      Sandia/California recently launched a new, multiyear research portfolio to fund exploratory research to combat evolving threats to the U.S. utility systems and electrical grid. The Research Energy Systems Mission campaign is focused on defending the grid from disasters, both natural, such as hurricanes or solar flares, and man-made, such as hostile cyberattacks. Much of the grid is reliant on antiquated technologies that were not designed to be able to withstand modern threats. Additional benefits from the technology developed as part of the campaign include more efficient electricity generation, more accurate data collection, and better grid management.

      SLAC’s Grid Integration, Systems, and Mobility (GISMo) lab explores the intersection of the power grid, building and ambient intelligence, and human mobility. Building upon the lab’s efforts to integrate and utilize large amounts of energy data, the Grid Resilience and Intelligence Project uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to identify vulnerabilities in the grid and build capabilities to anticipate and recover from grid events. Read More.

      Protecting the grid (Sandia/California)

      The U.S. electricity grid is a vital part of the nation’s infrastructure and ensuring that it is resilient to both natural and man-made threats is critical to the nation’s security and economy. Sandia California’s Grid Modernization Program is developing technological solutions to address emerging issues to our electricity distribution system. The program works closely with grid operators and local stakeholders to identify and model the most crucial potential threats and consequences in their regions. Major areas of research focus within the program include: integration of solar and wind power, resilience to geomagnetic disturbances, and the development of agile and resilient control systems for large- scale interconnected power systems. Read More.

      Building for extreme heat (Berkeley Lab)

      With heat waves likely to increase by as much as ten-fold by mid-century, extreme heat represents the most costly, deadly threat to Californians. Berkeley Lab has pioneered the use of solar-reflective surfaces – “cool” roofs, walls, and pavements – to significantly reduce neighborhood temperatures, air conditioning costs, and water consumption in urban areas. Cool roofs could reduce urban heat impacts by almost half of their projected levels by 2050. Berkeley Lab is developing a heat-resilience toolkit with community input for underserved neighborhoods in Fresno for the Strategic Growth Council, leveraging its expertise in cool surfaces and neighborhood- scale modeling using CityBES.lbl.gov. Read More.

      Event Spotlight: COVID-19

      In December 2019, the novel viral respiratory illness, coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), quickly spread from China across the globe. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020, and since then, all six federal laboratories have rapidly deployed their resources and research capacities to respond to the multifaceted public health crisis. These are just a small sample of the ways in which the labs and research centers stepped up to respond to the disaster.

      International Collaboration (NASA Ames, LLNL, Berkeley Lab)

      International collaboration:  Scientists at NASA Ames, LLNL and Berkeley Lab are contributing to the COVID-19 International Research Team (COV-IRT), an international community of scientists using public data to rapidly understand the virus and develop a vaccine and therapeutics.

      Real-Time Health Response (NASA JPL)

      In just 37 days, scientists at NASA JPL developed a ventilator, Ventilator Intervention Technology Accessible Locally (VITAL), that received Emergency Use Authorization from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Designed specifically for COVID-19 patients, VITAL requires fewer parts than traditional ventilators, and its design makes it ideal for use in nontraditional settings.

      Providing the Tools for Research (NASA, LLNL, Berkeley Lab, Sandia/California)

      As part of the COVID-19 High Performance Computing (HPC) Consortium, NASA, LLNL, Berkeley Lab, and Sandia/California are contributing to the public-private partnership between industry, academia, federal agencies, and national laboratories, bringing together computation resources and technical expertise to help meet the needs of COVID-19 researchers.

      Advanced Imaging (Berkeley Lab, SLAC)

      Berkeley Lab’s Advanced Light Source (ALS) rapidly shifted operations initially to run a limited number of beamlines to support structural biology research on therapeutics. Similarly, the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) at SLAC dedicated a subset of stations to provide its powerful X-rays to examine the biomolecules crucial to understanding how the virus replicates in the body, and produce detailed images that can be used in the design of targeted therapeutic interventions.

      Advancing Diagnostic Testing (LLNL)

      LLNL is spearheading several research efforts on diagnostic testing, including adapting their genetic diagnostic system to provide an inexpensive, sensitive method for rapid detection, and updating their diagnostics system to detect co-infection with other viruses and bacteria to better inform clinical care.

      Zika Detection (Sandia/California)

      Leaning on previous testing methods developed for portable, rapid detection of Zika virus, researchers at Sandia/California developed a novel approach for viral detection focused on low-cost portable instrumentation that could be controlled by smartphone.

      Coronavirus Standards (SLAC)

      SLAC led the development of the Coronavirus Standards Working Group, convening experts across sectors to establish an open source repository for testing methods and data, and producing reference materials, samples, and methods, critical for accurate and reliable testing.

      Developing Medical Countermeasures (LLNL)

      In collaboration with other federal agencies, LLNL is supporting rapid identification of countermeasures using an artificial intelligence computational platform to optimize antibody designs for a vaccine, as well as computationally screening commercially available compounds to identify candidates for the development of antiviral drugs.

      Studying Impacts to Inform Decision-Making (Berkeley Lab)

      Researchers at Berkeley Lab conducted a study of the risk of airborne transmission of viruses within buildings and how to mitigate those risks. Using computer modeling and physical experiments, researchers hope to provide a set of recommendations for building operation that can decrease virus transmission risk.

      Satellite Imaging (NASA Ames, NASA JPL)

      A NASA Ames project is using satellite thermal infrared sensor brightness temperatures to examine how the entire Bay Area’s urban heat flux has changed during the pandemic, and how that change has contributed to a more or less healthy environment for the millions of people living in it. NASA JPL is using satellite-derived synthetic aperture radar data to map changes in activity levels in cities around the world to understand how activity reductions correspond to different cities’ levels of success in controlling virus outbreaks and how those reductions correspond to observed changes in environmental conditions.

      Real Time Response and Monitoring
       A SLAC researcher working on a compact, low-frequency antenna, for communicating over long distances and through potential obstructions. (Credit: Dawn Harmer/SLAC)
      A SLAC researcher working on a compact, low-frequency antenna, for communicating over long distances and through potential obstructions. (Credit: Dawn Harmer/SLAC)
      Real-time disaster monitoring (NASA JPL, NASA Ames)

      NASA JPL’s Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis (ARIA) project, a partnership with the California Institute of Technology, delivers timely data products for disaster response. ARIA combines near real-time GPS, radar, optical, and seismic observation with state-of-the-art processing to produce damage and flood maps. With satellite data that can see through clouds, ARIA has helped organizations like the UN World Food Programme monitor events, like flooding from the 2020 tropical cyclones in Bangladesh and India. From local California wildfires to the massive explosion in Beirut, ARIA’s openly-accessible maps, produced in collaboration with the Earth Observatory of Singapore, have been used to help identify severely damaged areas where assistance may be required. ARIA’s ground deformation maps have also been used to identify a complex web of fault ruptures and damage from the 2019 Ridgecrest, CA earthquakes.

      Through NASA’s Small Business Innovation Research program, California’s Swift Engineering, with support from NASA Ames, has developed a high-altitude, long-endurance uncrewed aircraft to carry science instruments and other small payloads. It is designed to stay aloft for 30 days at 65,000 feet, and its recent first flight provided critical data to prove that design requirements were met. Such aircraft can complement satellites with data on regional scales, and NASA is exploring their use for Earth system science and disaster response. These platforms have the potential to provide imagery similar to a geostationary satellite. During or after a natural disaster, they could gather real-time data or provide a communications relay. Read More.

      Communication during disasters (SLAC)

      Scientists at SLAC are developing a new type of pocket-sized antenna, that could enable communication in situations where traditional radios do not work, such as rescue missions that require high mobility. The 4-inch-tall device is capable of emitting radio waves with wavelengths as large as tens to hundreds of miles. In contrast to traditional shorter wavelength radio waves, these waves can maintain their strength over longer distances or travel through obstructions such as water or layers of rock. Read More.

      Microgrids (Sandia/California)

      Sandia/California’s microgrid team is helping communities hit by natural disasters to recover and rebuild with resilience in mind. A microgrid is a decentralized system of electricity generators that can provide power to buildings and infrastructure even if the power grid goes down. They are a powerful tool in responding to natural disasters, particularly in the critical days after a disaster strikes, when access to power is vital to emergency response. In the wake of Hurricane Maria’s devastating impacts in Puerto Rico, Sandia’s team worked alongside local groups to deploy six microgrid demo sites across the island, generating power to key buildings, such as hospitals. Additionally, the team worked with local communities on capacity building and workforce development, paving the way for the deployment of more microgrids across Puerto Rico, increasing the island’s resilience to future events. Read More.

      Screening for infections (NASA Ames)

      A rapid and non-invasive screening tool could “sniff out” COVID-19 in patients’ breath with a spaceflight-proven, re-usable electronic nose (E-Nose) technology from NASA Ames. Originally developed for trace chemical detection in space, its sensors are being tuned to detect COVID-19 through breath analysis. Using an instrument attached to a smartphone – and NASA expertise in advanced machine-learning methods – the results from the E-Nose will combine with body temperature and other non-invasive symptom screening to provide more accurate on-the-spot answers. The screening results can then be transmitted via cellphone or WiFi networks.

      Assessing biohazards (LLNL)

      A multidisciplinary team of biologists and engineers at LLNL has developed a 3D “brain-on-a-chip” device capable of sustain and record activity from hundreds of thousands of interconnected, human-derived neurons as they communicate with each other. These devices can potentially be used to study how healthy or sick networks of neurons change in response to disease or infection, toxins, or drugs, without using animal models. The team has recently developed computational tools to analyze the data coming from the devices, bringing brain-on-a-chip devices another large step closer to widescale use. Read More.

      Protection from chemical threats (LLNL)

      When faced with a chemical or biological threat, the safety of soldiers and first responders depends on protective equipment. Unfortunately, the existing materials that provide protection from these threats also inhibit breathability. A LLNL-led team of scientists have developed a smart fabric that breathes, blocks all biological threats, and dynamically blocks chemical threats by closing its pores only in the presence of organophosphate threats. The team is improving the new fabric by incorporating stretch and protection from additional chemical threats. Read More.

      First responder support (NASA Ames)

      Drones could help reduce the impacts of natural disasters by assisting emergency responders: they can make interventions faster, more targeted, and better able to adapt to changing circumstances. They can also multitask in unique ways, for instance making logistics deliveries during a wildfire (of water, radio batteries, first aid, etc.) while using onboard sensors to scan the terrain for hotspots and provide near-real-time information to firefighters. NASA Ames’ Scalable Traffic Management for Emergency Response Operations (STEReO) project builds on the center’s expertise integrating these vehicles into the airspace to develop the tools and systems to make this a reality. Read More.

      NASA Ames traffic drones in flight in Reno, Nevada undergoing flight tests. (Credits: NASA/Dominic Hart)
      NASA Ames traffic drones in flight in Reno, Nevada undergoing flight tests. (Credits: NASA/Dominic Hart)
      Rebuilding with Resilience
       As part of its work in developing local urban resilience in Norfolk, VA, Sandia/California developed maps showing varying levels of potential flooding. (Credit: Sandia National Laboratories)
      As part of its work in developing local urban resilience in Norfolk, VA, Sandia/California developed maps showing varying levels of potential flooding. (Credit: Sandia National Laboratories)
      Planning for carbon neutrality (LLNL)

      As part of LLNL’s Engineering the Carbon Economy Initiative and other energy programming, LLNL scientists have conducted a study to identify solutions to remove carbon from the atmosphere and help California meet its goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2045. This comprehensive analysis outlines the costs, carbon removal potential, and important co-benefits of a suite of natural carbon removal strategies, biomass conversion technologies, and negative emissions technologies such as direct air capture. This report concludes that carbon neutrality is achievable, and can guide the State as it makes the required investments and policies. Read More.

      Social Welfare and Urban Resilience (Sandia/California)

      A core aspect of building a resilient community is understanding their unique needs during a disaster event. Sandia/California’s Urban Resilience Planning Process centers the social welfare of communities and has been used in several places such as Norfolk, VA and New Orleans, LA to build more resilient communities. The process is built around two core tenets: engaging community stakeholders at the outset to provide community-specific insights into community needs, and measuring resilience through the consequences to these specific communities. By engaging the community early and gaining a thorough understanding of its needs, Sandia can help design tailored resilient solutions. Read More.

      Earthquake recovery (Berkeley Lab)

      Major earthquakes in California can destroy or damage many thousands of structures and critical infrastructure. To prepare for future large earthquakes, Berkeley Lab is using its advanced supercomputers to run regional-scale, fault-to-structure simulations of earthquakes and associated infrastructure response to assess the earthquake risk to buildings and infrastructure throughout the entire Bay Area. After a major earthquake occurs, safety assessments and repairs can take many months, disrupting critical operations and delaying economic recovery. To dramatically speed up the recovery process, Berkeley Lab has developed, extensively tested, and deployed a new optical sensor that building managers can use to quickly pinpoint likely damage for assessment. Read More.

      Purifying contaminated water (NASA Ames, SLAC)

      A personal water- treatment bag developed at NASA Ames can purify contaminated water without power and with minimal interaction. Developed as an emergency technology for astronauts, it has now been used by a group of Antarctic explorers to recycle urine for drinking water. One version containing a powdered supplement can provide all the nutrients and water needed to keep a person alive; another can safely hydrate baby formula with contaminated water. Used in the days following a disaster, the Personal Water Recycling System could save lives until help arrives.

      As part of federal efforts to safely handle the legacy of former uranium mines in the west, scientists at SLAC are showing how the radioactive element can continue to cycle through the environment and pose challenges for remediation. While former mines and waste piles were capped decades ago and the remaining uranium was expected to naturally leave the sites as part of groundwater flow, uranium has persisted in nearby groundwater for longer than expected. Researchers have found that the dominant form of uranium in sediments can bind to organic matter and persist in the environment. This work has challenged previous assumptions made in modeling, and will improve the understanding of the dynamics involved in the system in order to enhance groundwater remediation efforts around these former mines.

      Developing new vaccines (LLNL)

      Francisella tularensis, the bacteria responsible for tularemia, is a potential biothreat agent and is classified as a high-priority priority pathogen by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current tularemia vaccines use live, attenuated strains of F. tularensis, a strategy associated with high risk profiles, and are not generally available in the US. A team of researchers from LLNL and two other research institutes is developing a vaccine that uses a LLNL-developed nanotechnology to co-deliver F. tularensis antigens, rather than live pathogens, and an additional immunostimulant. This vaccine candidate is expected to be significantly safer than current vaccines without sacrificing efficacy. The LLNL-developed delivery system can used to develop vaccines for additional pathogens. Read More.

      LLNL researchers working on the development of a tularemia vaccine. (Credit: Julie Russell/LLNL)
      LLNL researchers working on the development of a tularemia vaccine. (Credit: Julie Russell/LLNL)

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      The Costs of Wildfire in California

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      The Costs of Wildfire in California
      Full Report:

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      Related Publications

      Aug 28, 2014

      Advanced Well Stimulation Technologies in California (BLM)
      Advanced Well Stimulation Technologies in California
      At the request of the United States BLM, CCST conducted an independent scientific review of oil and gas well stimulation technologies in California.
      Read More

      Aug 28, 2014

      Advanced Well Stimulation Technologies in California Project (BLM)
      CCST Well Stimulation Project
      This study was commissioned by the Federal Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and will inform BLM's oil and gas policies in California.
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      CCST Project

      The Costs of Wildfire in California

      MENU
      • Overview
      • Publications
      • Process

      Process

      CCST studies follow a process modeled after the National Academies study process with checks and balances at each stage. The report is a collaborative effort by a large number of experts serving in various capacities.

      Learn More

      Authors

      The report is being written by lead author Teresa Feo, PhD, Senior Science Officer at CCST, and Samuel Evans, PhD, Assistant Adjunct Professor of Public Policy at Mills College.

      Steering Committee Members

      CCST study steering committees oversee the report authors, reach conclusions based on the findings of the authors and draft an executive summary.

      Committee Selection and Approval

      Selection of appropriate committee members, individually and collectively, is essential for the success of a study. All committee members serve as individual experts, not as representatives of organizations or interest groups. Each member is expected to contribute to the project on the basis of his or her own expertise and good judgment. A committee is not finally approved until a thorough balance and conflict-of-interest discussion is held, and any issues raised in that discussion are investigated and addressed. Members of a committee are anonymous until this process is completed.

      Careful steps are taken to convene committees that meet the following criteria:

      • Expertise

      • Perspectives

      • Screening

      • Point of View

      • Considerations

      Expertise

      Expertise

      The committee must include experts with the specific expertise and experience needed to address the study's statement of task. A major strength of CCST is the ability to bring together recognized experts from diverse disciplines and backgrounds who might not otherwise collaborate. These diverse groups are encouraged to conceive new ways of thinking about a problem.

      Perspectives

      Perspectives

      Having content expertise is not sufficient for success. It is also essential to evaluate the overall composition of the SC in terms of different experiences and perspectives. The goal is to ensure that the relevant points of view are, in CCST’s and the Program Committee’s judgment, reasonably balanced so that the SC can carry out its charge objectively and credibly.

      Screening

      Screening

      All provisional SC members are screened in writing and in a confidential group discussion about possible conflicts of interest. For this purpose, a "conflict of interest" means any financial or other interest which conflicts with the individual’s service because it could significantly impair the individual's objectivity or could create an unfair competitive advantage for any person or organization. The term "conflict of interest" is beyond individual bias. There must be an interest, ordinarily financial, that could influence the work of the SC or that could be directly affected by the work of the SC, for an individual to be disqualified from serving. Except for a rare situation in which CCST and the Program Committee determine that a conflict of interest is unavoidable and promptly and publicly disclose the conflict of interest, no individual will be appointed to serve (or continue to serve) on a SC used in the development of studies while having a conflict of interest relevant to the required functions.

      SC members and authors continue to be screened for conflict of interest at regular intervals throughout the life of the committee. (In addition to the SC and Authors, co-authors, peer reviewers and CCST staff working on each project are also screened for COI.)

      Point of View

      Point of View

      A point of view or bias is not necessarily a conflict of interest. SC members are expected to have points of view, and CCST attempts to balance these points of view in a way deemed appropriate for the task. SC members are asked to consider respectfully the viewpoints of other members, to reflect their own views rather than be a representative of any organization, and to base their scientific findings and conclusions on the evidence. Each SC member has the right to issue a dissenting opinion to the study if he or she disagrees with the consensus of the other members. COIs are updated throughout the study process to capture any new or updated information and to ensure a continued lack of conflicts.

      Considerations

      Considerations

      Membership in CCST is taken into account in SC selection. The inclusion of women, minorities, and young professionals are additional considerations.

      Committee Selection

      Specific steps in the committee selection and approval process are as follows:

      Step 1: Nominees

      Staff solicit an extensive number of suggestions for potential committee members from a wide range of sources, then recommend a slate of nominees. Nominees are reviewed and approved at several levels within CCST.

      Step 2: Provisional Committee

      A provisional slate is then approved by the Program Committee of CCST's Board. The provisional committee members complete background information and conflict-of-interest disclosure forms. The committee balance and conflict-of-interest discussion is held at the first committee meeting. Any conflicts of interest or issues of committee balance and expertise are investigated; changes to the committee are proposed and finalized.

      Step 3: Board Approval

      The Program Committee of CCST's Board formally approves the committee. Committee members continue to be screened for conflict of interest throughout the life of the committee.

      Committee Members' Bios

      • Michael Wara (Chair) Ph.D

      • Judson Boomhower Ph.D

      • Kate Dargan

      • Peter Larsen Ph.D

      • Mary Prunicki Ph.D

      • Alexandra Syphard Ph.D

      Michael Wara (Chair) Ph.D

      Steering Committee Chair

      Director of the Climate and Energy Policy Program and a senior research scholar

      Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment

      Michael Wara is a lawyer and scholar focused on climate and energy policy. Wara is Director of the Climate and Energy Policy Program and a senior research scholar at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, where he provides fact-based, bipartisan, technical and legal assistance to policymakers engaged in the development of novel climate and energy law and regulation. He also facilitates the connection of Stanford faculty with cutting edge policy debates on climate and energy, leveraging Stanford’s energy and climate expertise to craft real world solutions to these challenges.

      Wara’s legal and policy scholarship focuses on carbon pricing, energy innovation, and regulated industries. He collaborates with economists, engineers and scientists in research on the design and evaluation of technical and regulatory solutions to climate and energy challenges. He is also an expert on international environmental law with a particular focus on the ozone and climate treaty regimes.

      Wara conducts research, advises and has testified before California and US Congressional legislative committees on issues related to wildfire and utilities. Wara served as a Commissioner on the Commission on Catastrophic Wildfire Cost and Recovery that proposed creation of a Wildfire Insurance Fund. He currently serves on the California Catastrophe Response Council, which oversees the Wildfire Fund created by AB 1054.

      Prior to joining Woods, Wara was an associate professor at Stanford Law School and an associate in Holland & Knight’s government practice. He received his J.D. from Stanford Law School and his Ph.D. in Ocean Sciences from the University of California at Santa Cruz.

      Michael Wara has served as a CCST Steering Committee member for the report, Long-Term Viability of Underground Natural Gas Storage in California, released in 2018.

      Judson Boomhower Ph.D

      Assistant Professor, Department of Economics

      UC San Diego

      Judson Boomhower is an assistant professor in the Department of Economics at the University of California San Diego and a Faculty Research Fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research. He is an applied microeconomist who studies environmental and energy economics and policy. He received his PhD in Agricultural and Resource Economics from the University of California, Berkeley. He earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Stanford.

      Current work in progress includes:

      Mitigating and Managing Extreme Wildfire Risk in California

      A multi-campus research effort focused on understanding and managing wildfire risk and electricity infrastructure. 

      Moral Hazard, Wildfires, and the Economic Incidence of Natural Disasters (2019)

      This study measures the degree to which large public expenditures on wildfire protection subsidize development in harm’s way. Using administrative firefighting data, we calculate geographically-differentiated implicit subsidies to homeowners throughout the western USA. We first examine how the presence of homes affects firefighting expenditures. These results are used to reconstruct the implied historical cost of protecting each home and to perform an actuarial calculation of expected future protection cost. The expected net present value of this subsidy increases with fire risk and decreases surprisingly steeply with development density. A simple conceptual model is used to explore effects on expansion of developed areas, density, and private risk-reducing investments.

      Boomhower was lead author on the CCST report, Orphan Wells in California, released 2020.

      Kate Dargan

      Co-Founder, Chair of the Board, and Chief Strategist
      Former California State Fire Marshal

      Intterra

      Kate Dargan began her career as a firefighter at age 18 and worked her way up, becoming a fire chief and State Fire Marshal (CAL FIRE), the first woman to serve California in that capacity. She has responded to emergencies and disasters around the state and worked on boards, committees, councils, and task forces to advance wildland-urban interface fire safety.  Dargan is widely recognized for her consensus-building style and innovative approaches to old problems. 

      In 2010 Dargan co-founded Intterra, a successful situational awareness and analytics software company for firefighters, holding the position of CEO until 2016. She currently serves as Chief Strategist and Chair of the Board.

      She is currently a Board Member of the California Firesafe Council (CFSC), a nonprofit formed as a project of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) in 1993.

      Peter Larsen Ph.D

      Staff Scientist and Deputy Leader
      Electricity Markets & Policy Department
      Energy Analysis & Environmental Impacts Division

      Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

      Peter Larsen is a Research Scientist and Deputy Group Leader in the Electricity Markets and Policy Group at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He conducts research and analysis on electricity reliability and resiliency, energy efficiency, and regional electric system planning including: Energy Services Company Industry and Market Trends; Utility Resource Planning Practices and Trends; Western Electricity and Natural Gas Markets; Societal Impacts from Abnormal Weather; and the Reliability of the U.S. Power System.

      Larsen’s work includes Project Lead for Berkeley Lab’s Interruption Cost Estimate Calculator, and he is interested in the economic impact of past and future Public Safety Power Shutoffs.

      Larsen has published his research in a number of reports, book chapters, and peer-reviewed journals including the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Global Environmental Change, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Energy Policy, and Energy Economics. Previously, he worked at the Institute of Social and Economic Research in Anchorage, Alaska, the Societal Impacts Program at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and Stratus Consulting (now Abt Associates).

      Larsen holds a Ph.D. in Management Science and Engineering from Stanford University; M.S. degrees from Stanford University (Management Science and Engineering) and Cornell University (Natural Resource Economics); and a B.A. in Economics from the University of Montana at Missoula.

      Mary Prunicki Ph.D

      Director of Air Pollution and Health Research

      Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University

      Since coming to the Nadeau immunology laboratory at Stanford University in 2014, Dr. Prunicki has designed and executed numerous innovative air pollution and wildfire projects. Lab studies have primarily focused on Fresno, CA, a city always in the top four in the nation for ozone and particle pollution and also exposed to the wildfire smoke from forest fires in Yosemite. Research findings have resulted in publication in high-impact journals, shaping of public policy and extensive media exposure. Dr. Prunicki is especially passionate about helping at-risk populations, such as children and the underserved, who disproportionately share the burden of air pollution exposure. Prunicki received her PhD from Northwestern University and her MD from Southern Illinois University. 

      Dr. Prunicki’s research involves the investigation of the impact of environmental exposures on the immune system. Overall findings indicate that ambient air pollution exposures to CO, NO2, and PM2.5 mediate epigenetic alterations of Foxp3 and IL-10, key genes known to be associated with T cells and atopic disease. Similar epigenetic associations have been found with wildfire smoke exposure, in addition to increases in inflammatory cytokines.  

      Recent publications include:

      Prunicki M, Kelsey R, Lee J, …, Nadeau K. The Impact of Prescribed Fire versus Wildfire on the Immune and Cardiovascular Systems of Children. Allergy 2019 Oct;74(10):1989-1991. PMCID: PMC6801011.

      Prunicki M, Dant CC, Cao S, …, Nadeau K. Immunologic effects of forest fire exposure show increases in IL-1β and CRP. Allergy. 2020 Feb 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32112439.

      Prunicki, M, Miller, S, Hopkins, A, Poulin, M, Movassagh, H, Yan, L and Nadeau, K. Wildfire smoke exposure is associated with decreased methylation of the PDL2 gene.  J Immunol May 1, 2020, 204 (1 Supplement) 146.17.

      Alexandra Syphard Ph.D

      Chief Scientist

      Versus Wildfire Insurance Services

      Adjunct Professor

      San Diego State University

      Associate

      Conservation Biology Institute

      Alexandra D. Syphard, Ph.D. is chief scientist at Vertus Wildfire Insurance Services, Senior Research Scientist for the Conservation Biology Institute and an adjunct professor at San Diego State University. As a researcher, she has spent more than two decades analyzing the ecological and social drivers and impacts of landscape change, particularly focusing on wildfires in California, USA and other Mediterranean-climate ecosystems. Syphard uses a variety of geospatial, statistical, and modeling approaches to investigate how and why change has occurred in the past, how it is likely to occur in the future, and how different policy or management decisions may impact ecological and social well-being. Her extensive research on wildfire risk to communities forms the scientific basis for underwriting homeowners’ insurance in fire-prone ecosystems. Dr. Syphard’s work also focuses on the interactions among wildfire patterns, land use change and urban growth, climate change, vegetation dynamics and biodiversity, invasive species, and plant species’ range shifts.

      Syphard earned her PhD in Geography from San Diego State University and the University of California, Santa Barbara in 2005. She also received a BA in English from the University of Mary Washington, a Masters of Public Health at the Medical College of Virginia, and a Masters in Environmental Studies at Virginia Commonwealth University. Syphard also completed a postdoctoral research fellowship in the Department of Forest Ecology & Management at the University of Wisconsin, Madison and a postdoctoral fellowship in the Department of Biology at San Diego State.

      Peer Review

      The process of peer review is the cornerstone of the research evaluation process in the physical sciences, life sciences and engineering.

      All CCST reports are peer reviewed using guidelines and processes established by CCST to assure the highest scientific and technical standards. Guidelines are similar to those of the National Academy of Sciences, adapted to be appropriate for California.

      Learn More
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      Publications

      Orphan Wells in California
      Full Report:

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      CCST One Pager: Orphan Wells in California – An Initial Assessment

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      Press Release: Orphan Wells in California

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      Cover Letter: Orphan Wells in California

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      Related Publications

      Jan 23, 2020

      Orphan Wells in California
      CCST Orphan Wells Cover
      An initial assessment of the state of California's potential liability to plug and decommission oil and gas wells.
      Read More

      Jun 7, 2018

      Biomethane in California Common Carrier Pipelines: Assessing Heating Value and Maximum Siloxane Specifications
      Page from biomethane report
      A study analyzing regional and gas-corporation-specific issues relating to the minimum heating value and maximum siloxane specifications.
      Read More

      Jan 18, 2018

      Long-Term Viability of Underground Natural Gas Storage in California
      Long-Term Viability of Underground Natural Gas Storage in California: An Independent Review of Scientific and Technical Information
      CCST was instructed to provide an independent technical assessment in response to Governor Brown's January 2016 state of emergency proclamation regarding the Aliso Canyon gas leak.
      Read More

      Aug 28, 2014

      Advanced Well Stimulation Technologies in California (BLM)
      Advanced Well Stimulation Technologies in California
      At the request of the United States BLM, CCST conducted an independent scientific review of oil and gas well stimulation technologies in California.
      Read More
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      CCST One Pager: Orphan Wells in California – An Initial Assessment

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      CCST Project

      The Costs of Wildfire in California

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      Overview

      This report, undertaken by CCST and made possible with support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, summarizes the state of knowledge regarding wildfire losses and their associated costs across key sectors. It challenges the assumptions underlying current fire management policies and proposes a novel framework for understanding the total cost of wildfire in California.

      The results of this study suggest opportunities for policymakers to improve the effectiveness of wildfire management in California by enabling regional approaches, increasing investments in mitigation and resilience strategies, and accounting for the cumulative public health impacts of exposure to multiple fire events—including the interacting effects of wildfire smoke and COVID-19. In delivering a comprehensive framework to assess wildfire costs in California, the study finds that a full statewide calculation of wildfire costs is not possible with currently available data. Furthermore, the study finds that the costs associated with unquantified categories of loss (e.g., health impacts, loss of ecosystem services) likely exceed the reported costs. A more accurate accounting may result in more than double the currently reported costs.

      Cost of Wildfire - Cover Full Report FRONT Web Small
      Full Report
      Executive Summary
      One Pager
      Press Release

      Project Description

      The economic burden of wildfires on the State of California and its residents is a wide-ranging topic, so correctly framing the scope of work is a crucial step in the study process.

      The overarching question for the report is:

      What are the key considerations concerning costs and losses from California wildfires, and what information already exists to answer them?

      Elements that were considered for the report scope:

      (1) Pre-Incident and Ongoing Activities
      Efforts carried out to prevent unintentional human-caused wildfire ignitions or to mitigate the negative outcomes of wildfires.

        1. Education/training (public and fire department)
        2. Ignition Detection
        3. Enforcement/Permitting/policing/inspections
        4. Monitoring and Forecasting of conditions (e.g. wind events, fuel loads)
        5. Infrastructure and Home Hardening
        6. Public Safety Power Shutoffs
        7. Fuels management (e.g. mechanical thinning, prescribed burns)
        8. Insurance
        9. Disaster Assistance Funds

      (2) Active Incident
      Suppression and emergency response efforts in response to active wildfires, wildfire smoke plumes, or related incidents (e.g. landslide, flooding).

        1. Firefighting activities
        2. Evacuations
        3. Emergency Shelter
        4. Closures (Schools, Hospitals, Roads, work stoppages, etc.)

      (3) Incident Outcomes and Recovery

      Direct and indirect losses caused by wildfires, wildfire smoke, related incidents (e.g. landslide, flooding), or suppression efforts (e.g. impacts of fire retardants). Losses may be incurred during or after an active incident and may occur within the footprint of the wildfire or at a distance from the wildfire perimeter.

        1. Death and injuries, including psychological impacts
        2. Loss of structures and infrastructure
        3. Loss of natural resources
        4. Loss of agriculture
        5. Environmental impacts (vegetation loss, watershed and soil impacts, etc.)
        6. Remediation and cleanup
        7. General economic impacts (business interruption, population decline)
        8. Supply chain impacts
        9. Interruption of services (utilities, transportation, government)
        10. Housing market impacts
        11. Decrease in Tax Base

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      CCST Project

      Makerspace Movement

      MENU
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      • InnovationMaker3
      • CCC Maker Kickoff

      ISAM Publications

      As part of CCST's engagement with the Makerspace Movement, CCST's Brie Lindsey, PhD, co-authored four publications with makerspace leaders for ISAM — the International Symposium for Academic Makerspaces.

      An image of the first page of an academic report.
      ISAM 2019 | Paper No. 14

      Hacking Maslow: Assessment, Scale, and Survival of a Statewide Community College Makerspace Network in California

      Deborah Bird and Brie Lindsey

      Download

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      ISAM 2018 | Paper No. 11

      Making Across the Curriculum: Multidisciplinary Making at Folsom Lake College

      Zachary J. Dowell and Brie J. Lindsey

      Download

      An image of the first page of an academic report.
      ISAM 2018 | Paper No. 10

      Santa Maria's Central Coast Makerspace Collaborative: A Network of Internal and External Partners

      Robert D. Mabry, Suzanne M. Valery, and Brie J. Lindsey

      Download

      An image of the first page of an academic report.
      ISAM 2018 | Paper No. 09

      Growing A Network of Makerspaces in California Community Colleges: Moving Towards Implementation and Adoption

      Carol Pepper-Kittredge,M.H.R.O.D., B.S., Deborah Bird, M. Arch, Dip. Teach., Brie Lindsey, Ph.D.

      Download

      COVID-19 Workstream News

      Aug 18, 2022

      (Update: Call Closed) Call for Experts: Designing Privacy Standards to Enable Data Sharing during Public Health Emergencies
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      (Update: Call Closed) Exploring Alternative Venues for Services Delivery Such as CBOs During a Pandemic Cycle
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      CCST Project

      Science & Policy Beyond California

      COMPLETED: January 2016

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      • Overview & Resources
      • Planning Grants

      State Fellowships Planning Grant

      State legislators and policymakers around the United States are encountering increasingly complicated science- and technology-related matters — pertaining to water, agriculture, energy, privacy, health, natural resources, food security, and other pressing issues. Policy decisions on these topics have widespread and long-term impacts, so it is valuable for state government lawmakers to have rapid access to trusted, impartial experts who can provide advice on and help decipher these complex issues.

      Since 2009, our own CCST Science & Technology Policy Fellows Program has placed PhD-level scientists annually in the California State Legislature for one-year appointments. These CCST Science Fellows gain valuable real-world experience working directly in the policymaking process as legislative staff, while California state legislators gain access to impartial, science-savvy staff to help them make critical decisions.

      CCST has learned a great deal from offering this public service and government leadership training experience for scientists and engineers. Encouraged by this success, in summer 2016 CCST announced a new grant to encourage other states to replicate or adapt our CCST Science Fellows program. Funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (#GBMF5943) and the Simons Foundation, this planning grant would support each grantee in completing landscape analyses, feasibility studies, and other strategic steps towards creating their own state-based, immersive science and technology policy fellowship.

      In early 2017, proposals from nine states were awarded grants. CCST invited all nine teams to participate in a grant launch workshop co-hosted with the AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellowship program. Indeed, the CCST modeled its state fellowship program after that of AAAS, which places scientists in congressional offices and federal agencies.

      The collective social impact of the AAAS and CCST policy fellowships has come full circle with this planning grant: of the nine awarded teams, three are led by former CCST or AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellows. We hope this is a sign of even farther-reaching impact in the years to come.

      Grant Recipients

      • Alaska

      • Colorado

      • Connecticut

      • Idaho

      • Massachusetts

      • Michigan

      • New Jersey

      • North Carolina

      • Washington

      Alaska

      Host Institutions

      University of Alaska System, University of Alaska Fairbanks

      Points of Contact

      Gwen Holdmann
      Director, Alaska Center for Energy and Power, University of Alaska Fairbanks
      [email protected]

      George Roe
      ​Research Professor, Alaska Center for Energy and Power, University of Alaska Fairbanks
      [email protected]

      Progress Update

      The team was awarded a strategic planning grant from CCST in early 2017, and participated in the CCST grant launch workshop at the 2017 AAAS Annual Meeting. Grantee teams participated in a planning workshop held during the 2018 AAAS Annual Meeting.

      Colorado

      Host Institutions

      University of Colorado, Boulder – Center for Science and Technology Policy Research

      Points of Contact

      Matthew L. Druckenmiller, PhD
      Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder
      [email protected]

      Progress Update

      The team was awarded a strategic planning grant from CCST in early 2017, and participated in the CCST grant launch workshop at the 2017 AAAS Annual Meeting. Grantee teams participated in a planning workshop held during the 2017 NCSL Legislative Summit and during the 2018 AAAS Annual Meeting.

      Fellowship Legacy

      Matthew Druckenmiller was a AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow from 2013 to 2015, serving the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).

      Connecticut

      Host Institutions

      Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering

      Points of Contact

      Richard Strauss
      Executive Director, Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering
      [email protected]

      Progress Update

      The team was awarded a strategic planning grant from CCST in early 2017, and participated in the CCST grant launch workshop at the 2017 AAAS Annual Meeting. Grantee teams most recently participated in a planning workshop held during the 2017 NCSL Legislative Summit and during the 2018 AAAS Annual Meeting.

      For More Information:

      http://www.ctcase.org/fellowship.html

      Idaho

      Host Institutions

      University of Idaho

      Boise State University

      Idaho State University

      Points of Contact

      Katherine Himes, Ph.D.
      Director, McClure Center for Public Policy Research

      Progress Update

      The team was awarded a strategic planning grant from CCST in early 2017, and participated in the CCST grant launch workshop at the 2017 AAAS Annual Meeting. Grantee teams most recently participated in a planning workshop held during the 2018 AAAS Annual Meeting.

      In 2020, the Idaho Science & Technology Policy fellowship launched with its inaugural class of fellows placed within Idaho State Agencies aiding decision makers in a broad swath policy issue areas.

      For More Information:

      https://www.uidaho.edu/president/direct-reports/mcclure-center/istpf

      Massachusetts

      Host Institutions

      Boston University

      Points of Contact

      Nathan Phillips, PhD
      Professor, Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University
      [email protected]

      Progress Update

      The team was awarded a strategic planning grant from CCST in early 2017, and participated in the CCST grant launch workshop at the 2017 AAAS Annual Meeting. Grantee teams most recently participated in a planning workshop held during the 2017 NCSL Legislative Summit and during the 2018 AAAS Annual Meeting.

      On July 12, 2018, Massachusetts State Senate President Harriette Chandler (First Worcester) introduced a resolution where the Commonwealth of Massachusetts “invites and encourages non-partisan, non-profit science, engineering, technology, and scholarly societies; institutions of higher learning; not-for-profit philanthropic foundations; and allied organizations to convene a planning process and engage with legislators in Massachusetts for the establishment of a non-partisan science and technology legislative fellows program for the purpose of informing science and technology policy development in the Commonwealth.” Senate President Chandler presented the resolution to Dr. Nathan Phillips on the Massachusetts State Senate floor session that day. (Video at 34:20 mark, courtesy of The General Court)

      Fellowship Legacy

      Nathan Phillips was a CCST Science & Technology Policy Fellow in 2014, serving the California State Senate Transportation and Housing Committee under then-Chair Mark DeSaulnier. Read Phillips’ fellowship Q&A here.

      Michigan

      Host Institutions

      Michigan State University

      Points of Contact

      David W. Bertram
      Associate Vice President of State Affairs, Michigan State University
      [email protected]

      Progress Update

      The team was awarded a strategic planning grant from CCST in early 2017, and participated in the CCST grant launch workshop at the 2017 AAAS Annual Meeting. Grantee teams participated in a planning workshop held during the 2017 NCSL Legislative Summit and during the 2018 AAAS Annual Meeting.

      New Jersey

      Host Institutions

      Rutgers University – Eagleton Institute of Politics

      Points of Contact

      John Weingart
      Associate Director, Eagleton Institute of Politics
      [email protected]

      Progress Update

      The team was awarded a strategic planning grant from CCST in early 2017, and participated in the CCST grant launch workshop at the 2017 AAAS Annual Meeting. Grantee teams participated in a planning workshop held during the 2017 NCSL Legislative Summit and during the 2018 AAAS Annual Meeting.

      In 2020, the first class of Eagleton Science and Politics Fellowship fellows were placed within legislative offices and executive agencies for a full year experience in New Jersey Government.

      For More Information:

      https://eagleton.rutgers.edu/eagleton-science-and-politics-initiative/

      North Carolina

      Host Institutions

      Duke University Science & Society Initiative, Duke University Sanford School for Public Policy, Duke University Government Affairs Office, and North Carolina Sea Grant

      Points of Contact

      Andrew George
      PhD Candidate, Duke University
      [email protected]

      Daniel Keeley
      PhD Candidate, Duke University
      [email protected]

      Twitter: @NCSTEMPolFellow

      Progress Update

      The team was awarded a strategic planning grant from CCST in early 2017, and participated in the CCST grant launch workshop at the 2017 AAAS Annual Meeting. Grantee teams participated in a planning workshop held during the 2017 NCSL Legislative Summit and during the 2018 AAAS Annual Meeting.

      In 2020, the NC STEM Policy Fellowship placed its inaugural class of fellows in the NC Department of Environmental Quality and Department of Commerce. These and future fellows will spend a year in service to North Carolina State Government aiding decision makers and providing insight on state matters.

      For More Information:

      https://ncseagrant.ncsu.edu/funding-opps/fellowships/nc-stem-policy-fellowship/

      Washington

      Host Institutions

      Washington State Academy of Sciences, Washington State University William D. Ruckelshaus Center

      Points of Contact

      Donna Gerardi Riordan
      Executive Director, Washington Academy of Sciences
      [email protected]

      Melanie Roberts, PhD
      ST4S Consulting
      [email protected]

      Progress Update

      The team was awarded a strategic planning grant from CCST in early 2017, and participated in the CCST grant launch workshop at the 2017 AAAS Annual Meeting. Grantee teams participated in a planning workshop held during the 2017 NCSL Legislative Summit and during the 2018 AAAS Annual Meeting.

      Fellowship Legacy

      Melanie Roberts was a AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow from 2006 to 2008, serving in the U.S. Senate and the National Science Foundation. Roberts is also the founding director of Emerging Leaders in Science & Society (ELISS), a program hosted by American Association for the Advancement of Science, which recruits graduate students to lead cross-sector dialogues on a range of science policy issues.

      Donna Gerardi Riordan is the former Director of Programs at CCST, playing a leading role during the establishment of the CCST Science & Technology Policy Fellowship program.

      Timeline

      (July 2016)
      Original Call for Letters of Intent
      (February 2017)
      Awarded Proposals Press Release
      (Other)
      Resources for Applicants and Awardees

      Media

      2017
      MIRS, August 9 — Michigan Legislators May Soon Get Their Own Science Advisors”
      CCST, July 24 — CCST to Talk State-Level Science Advice at NCSL 2017 Legislative Summit in Boston
      Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, April 4 — Strengthening Connections Between Scientists and Policymakers
      Inside Philanthropy, April 3 — A Foundation Aims to Strengthen Connections Between Scientists and Policymakers
      SSTI, February 23 — Nine States Explore Science Policy Fellowships
      Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, February 16 — Local and Global Connections Between Scientists and Policymakers
      CCST, February 16 — CCST Awards Grants to Nine States to Explore Potential for Science Policy Fellowships
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      CCST Project

      Technology to Prevent Cell Phone Use in California Prisons

      COMPLETED:  May 2012

      MENU

      • Overview
      • Team Members

      Project Team Members

      The Contraband Cell Phones in Prison project is fortunate to have an outstanding set of participants. The overall project is led by Charles Harper. Below are details on the project team members.


      name

      affiliation

      position
      Charles Harper (Chair) Strategy and Systems Innovation Group, Semtech Senior Vice President
      S. Pete Worden NASA Ames Research Center Director
      Don Beddell NASA Ames Research Center Network Engineer
      Bobby Cates NASA Ames Research Center External Interface Network Engineer
      Deb Feng NASA Ames Research Center Deputy Center Director (acting)
      Ray Gilstrap NASA Ames Research Center Network Engineer, Information Technology Directorate
      William Hunt NASA Ames Research Center RF/IT Technician
      William Notley NASA Ames Research Center ARC RF Spectrum Manager
      James Williams NASA Ames Research Center IT Director and ARC Chief Technology Officer
      Brian W. Carver University of California, Berkeley Assistant Professor
      Pat Diamond Consultant
      David Goldstein Draper Laboratory Sr. Systems Engineer
      Pat Mantey UCSC and CITRIS
      Susan Hackwood CCST Executive Director
      Lora Lee Martin CCST Government Affairs


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      CCST Project

      innovate 2 innovation

      COMPLETED: March 2011

      MENU

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      Innovation Action Team

      The primary recommendation of the Innovate 2 Innovation project is to bring together public and private leaders who are given a specific charge to focus on California's innovation and competitiveness infrastructure. An Innovation Action Team (IAT), comprised of leaders from universities, industry, and government, has been tasked to develop an Innovation Roadmap that will include specific recommendations for Improving Critical Innovation Infrastructure in California. This Innovation Action Team would be convened for this specific purpose over a defined period of approximately 12 months. Facilitated and staffed by CCST, this team would provide their recommendations to the Legislature.

      Two key strategies essential to achieve this task are:

      • Developing and leveraging public-private partnerships linking California's assets in education, research, technology, finance, and philanthropy to create social and technical innovations that competitors with less complete infrastructure cannot match.
      • Enlisting California's S&T community in finding solutions to two of the state's major challenges, education and water, and, in so doing, enhancing California's international competitiveness.

      name

      affiliation

      position
      Randolph Hall University of Southern California Vice President of Research
      William F. Miller Graduate School of Business, Stanford University Herbert Hoover Professor of Public & Private Management, Emeritus
      Bob Sullivan Rady School of Management, University of California San Diego Dean
      Sam Traina University of California Merced Professor of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ted and Jan Falasco Chair in Earth Sciences and Geology, Vice Chancellor for Research, Graduate Dean
      Steve Zornetzer NASA Ames Research Center Associate Center Director

      Education Action Team

      As a component of the overall i2i assessment and recommendations requested by the Legislature, CCST facilitated several discussions around the state, explored the opportunities in new technologies created for education, and the Education Action Team will produce recommendations offering more radically effective approaches to educate California's workforce.

      There still is a need and a real opportunity to look at different models to inspire excellence in education. Utilizing public/private partnerships, a new, innovative approach could leverage the technology base in California to create educational opportunity; a new, transformative approach targeted at worker training and advanced education with access for all Californians. Investing in digitally designed education is, in effect, using the technological supremacy of the state to "reboot" the state's education delivery system and would be designed for the digital native generation - the state's future workforce.


      name

      affiliation

      position
      Dede Alpert California State Senate Former State Senator
      Anne Marie Bergen Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo Teacher in Residence, Biological Sciences
      Mohammad Qayoumi San Jose State University President
      Stephen Rockwood Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) Former Executive Vice President and Director

      Water Action Team

      Water continues to be the most fundamental resource challenge facing California. Water issues have shaped California's politics and economy since its founding. While the North has the water and the South needs water, the Central Valley must have water to grow its crops. Historically, these water resource challenges were solved by engineering solutions including building massive water systems based on canals and dams.

      While these investments remain urgent today, California faces a more complex range of resource challenges including inter-related issues of water, energy, agriculture, climate change, and environmental stewardship that can be addressed through the state's significant science and technology community, represented by its universities, research institutions, and innovative companies.


      name

      affiliation

      position
      Jude Laspa Bechtel Group, Inc. Former Executive Vice President and Director
      Soroosh Sorooshian Center for Hydrometeorology & Remote Sensing (CHRS), UC Irvine Distinguished Professor and Director
      Robert Wilkinson Water Policy Program, University of California Santa Barbara Director
      David Zoldoske California Water Institute and the Center for Irrigation Technology
      CSU Fresno
      Director


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      CCST Project

      innovate 2 innovation

      COMPLETED: March 2011

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      • Action Teams

      Publications

      Innovate 2 Innovation – An Assessment of California’s Innovation Ecosystem (Phase I)
      Full Report:

      Download

      Innovate 2 Innovation – An Assessment of California’s Innovation Ecosystem (Phase II) California’s Water Future
      Full Report:

      Download

      Innovate 2 Innovation – An Assessment of California’s Innovation Ecosystem (Phase II) Digitally Enhanced Education
      Full Report:

      Download

      Innovate 2 Innovation – An Assessment of California’s Innovation Ecosystem (Phase II) Executive Summary
      Full Report:

      Download

      Legislative Request

      (May 17, 2010)


      Request Letter

      (Jan. 22, 2011)


      Interim Report to Legislature

      innovate-2-innovation-project-accent

      Data Sources

      • U.S. Commerce Department Announces Members of New Innovation Advisory Board
      • Governor's Guide on State Research & Development Funds: NGA Center on Best Practices & Pew Center on the States
        State Profile - California by Collaborative Economics
      • Science and Technology Index 2010: Enduring Lessons for the Intangible Economy
        January 2011
      • Issues In Science and Technology
        Spring 2010
      • Regional Innovation Initiative
        Compete.org (page no longer available)
      • Innovation in America: Investing in Innovation (1.8MB)
        National Governors Association/Pew Center on the States
      • Index of the Massachusetts Innovation Economy (3.0MB)
        Massachusetts Technology Collaborative/John Adams Innovation Institute, 2009
      • Innovative Solutions for California's Future Briefing Book (6.1MB)
        Milken Institute State of the State Conference, October 2008
      • Innovation Driven Economic Development Model: A Practical Guide for the Reginal Innovation Broker (1.9MB)
        Collaborative Economics, September 2008
      • Best-Performing Cities 2008: Where America's Jobs Are Created and Sustained (2.5MB)
        GreenStreet Partners/Milken Institute, September 2008
      • California's Position in Technology and Science: A Comparative Benchmarking Assessment (7.4MB)
        Milken Institute, June 2008
      • State Technology and Science Index: Enduring Lessons for the Intangible Economy (1.3MB)
        Milken Institute, June 2008
      • Overview of California State-Funded R&D, 2004-2007: Understanding the State's Role in Shaping R&D Spending California Council on Science and Technology, November 2008
      • The Innovation Economy: Protecting the Talent Advantage (975KB)
        Bay Area Economic Forum, February 2006
      • Open Business Models: How to Thrive in the New Innovation Landscape.
        Henry William Chesbrough, 2006
      • California State Science and Technology Policy: Applications, Implications, Recommendations (7.0MB)
        Joint Committee on Preparing California for the 21st Century, November 2004
      • Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology.
        Henry William Chesbrough, 2003
      • Clusters of Innovation Initiative: San Diego
        Council on Competitiveness, May 2001
      • The Rise of the Network Society: The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture Volume I
        Manuel Castells, 2000

      Related Publications



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      Dec 20, 2017

      The Maker Movement and K-12 Education: Current Status and Opportunities for Engagement in California


      The Maker Movement and K-12 Education: Current Status and Opportunities for Engagement in California

      The Maker Movement is rapidly growing at educational institutions around the world and across age and employment levels, from kindergarten to mid- and late-career.

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      CCST Project

      Orphan Wells in California

      MENU
      • Overview
      • Publications
      • Process

      Process

      This report will be researched and written by principal researchers and select CCST staff within a project team, with an appropriate range of expertise, a balance of perspectives, and no conflicts of interest (unless a conflict is deemed unavoidable and is promptly and publicly disclosed). As the report is drafted, it will be submitted for feedback from identified experts and CCST Council Members for review based on their expertise.

      CCST strives to produce reports through a transparent process to ensure that the final product is responsive to the questions of the sponsor, while maintaining full scientific independence. Transparency is achieved by engaging the sponsor in dialogue about the nature of the information they need and informing the sponsoring agency of our progress. CCST studies follow a process modeled after the National Academies study process with checks and balances at each stage. The report is a collaborative effort by a large number of experts serving in various capacities.

      Learn More

      Project Team

      Dr. Judson Boomhower is the primary analyst for the study and will be assisted in writing the body of the report by CCST staff members Dr. Mikel Shybut and Dr. M. Daniel DeCillis. Terence Thorn serves as the project team's lead expert advisor.

      • Terence Thorn, JKM Consulting

      • Judson Boomhower, UCSD

      • Mikel Shybut, CCST

      • M. Daniel DeCillis, CCST

      The following institutions are subcontractors and are not responsible for the final content of the report, which rests with CCST and the Project Team:

      • UCSD

      • JKM Consulting

      Peer Review

      Peer review is the process of the evaluation of the scientific and technical merit (and likelihood of success) of the proposed research project/program by a panel of reviewers with direct expertise in the area of research to be evaluated who have no personal stake or interest in the outcome of the evaluation process. The salient features of the peer review process are the evaluation of the research program by "peer" experts in relevant fields who are deemed qualified to evaluate the product based solely on the scientific and technical merit of the content. It is standard practice to keep the identity of peer reviewers confidential as well as all of the comments and deliberations.

      All CCST reports are peer reviewed using guidelines and processes established by CCST to assure the highest scientific and technical standards. Guidelines are similar to those of the National Academy of Science, adapted to be appropriate for California. It is standard practice to keep the identity of peer reviewers confidential as well as all of the comments and deliberations.

      Learn More

      Project Team & Staff Bios

      • Judson Boomhower Ph.D

      • Terence Thorn

      • Mikel Shybut Ph.D

      • M. Daniel DeCillis Ph.D

      • Sarah Brady Ph.D

      • Amber Mace Ph.D

      Judson Boomhower Ph.D

      Lead Author

      Assistant Professor

      Department of Economics, UC San Diego

      Judson Boomhower is an applied microeconomist who studies environmental and energy economics and policy. His research covers a range of topics and industries including oil and gas extraction, electricity markets, energy efficiency, and the economics of climate change. He received a PhD in Agricultural and Resource Economics from the University of California, Berkeley. He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from Stanford.

      Terence Thorn

      President

      JKM Energy and Environmental Consulting

      Terence (Terry) Thorn is a 43-year veteran of the domestic and international natural gas industry and has held a wide variety of senior positions beginning his career as Chairman of Mojave Pipeline Company and President and CEO of Transwestern Pipeline Company. He has worked as an international project developer throughout the world.

      As a Chief Environmental Officer, Terry supported Greenfield projects in 14 countries to minimize their environmental impact. He wrote and had adopted company wide Environmental Health and Safety Management Standards and implemented the first environmental management plan for pipeline and power plant construction. In attendance at COP 1 and 2, Terry has remained involved in the climate change discussions where he is focusing on international policies and best practices to control methane emissions.

      Residing in Houston, Terry is President of JKM Energy and Environmental Consulting and specializes in project development and management, environmental risk assessment and mitigation, business and policy development, and market analysis. He has done considerable work in the areas of pipeline integrity management systems, management systems auditing, safety and reliability and the reduction of methane emissions from natural gas facilities.

      He also serves as Senior Advisor to the President of the International Gas Union where he helps drive the technical, policy and analytical work product for the 13 Committees and Task Forces with their 1000 members from 91 countries. He also serves on the Advisory Boards for the North American Standards Board where he co-chaired the gas electric harmonization task force, and the University of Texas' Bureau of Economic Geology's Center for Energy Economics. Terry is also on the Board of Air Alliance Houston. He served on the CCST California Council on Science and Technology steering committee for the report that provided the state with an up-date and independent technical assessment of the thirteen natural gas storage fields in California. Currently he is on the CCST team that will estimate the liability and costs to the state of plugging and abandoning oil and gas wells and decommissioning their attendant facilities.

      Terry has published numerous articles on energy, risk management and corporate governance and was author of the International Energy Agency's 2007 North American Gas Market Review. As advisor to European gas companies and regulators he co-authored The Natural Gas Transmission Business -a Comparison Between the Interstate US-American and European Situations, Environmental Issues Surrounding Shale Gas Production, The U.S. Experience, A Primer. As a participant in the National Petroleum Council Study Prudent Development: Realizing the Potential of North America's Abundant Natural Gas and Oil Resources (September 2011), Terry wrote the section on electric gas harmonization, co-authored the chapter on electric generation, and advised on the residential commercial chapter. Most recently he has completed market research projects on electricity markets, gas markets including modeling the US gas markets 2015-2050. Gas Shale Environmental Issues and Challenges was just published by Curtin University in 2015. His most recent papers are "The Bridge to Nowhere: Gas in An All Electric World," "The Paradigms of Reducing Energy Poverty" and "Making Fossils Fuels Great Again: Initial Observations About Trump's Energy Policy."

      Mikel Shybut Ph.D

      Project Manager, Author

      CCST

      Mikel Shybut is a CCST Program Associate. Previously he was a CCST Science and Technology Policy Fellow appointed to the California State Senate on the Transportation and Housing Committee, which analyzes legislation covering policy areas from essential infrastructure needs to autonomous vehicles and affordable housing.

      Shybut received his PhD in Plant Biology from UC Berkeley, where he studied the molecular mechanisms of cassava bacterial blight, a disease of agricultural significance in the tropics. Shybut completed his BA in Biological Chemistry and in Russian at Grinnell College in Iowa.

      M. Daniel DeCillis Ph.D

      Senior Research Associate, Author

      CCST

      M. Daniel DeCillis is Senior Research Associate & Director of Web Operations at the California Council on Science and Technology, where he has worked since 2001. He has been principal project writer on studies including the Overview of California State-Funded R&D, 2004-2007 (2008), Critical Path Analysis of California's Science and Mathematics Teacher Preparation System (2007), An Industry Perspective of the Professional Science Master's Degree in California (2005), Opportunities for Collaboration in High-tech Research and Teacher Professional Development (2004), the Critical Path Analysis of California's Science and Technology Education System (2002), and The Preparation of Elementary School Teachers to Teach Science in California (2010); he has also contributed substantially to CCST projects on nanotechnology, energy, and intellectual property. In addition he designed and edited the Workforce Investment Board Online Toolkit (2008), a major component of CCST's contributions to the California Innovation Corridor project. In 2011, he edited and reviewed Imagining the Future: Digitally Enhanced Education in California and components of California's Energy Future. In 2012, he completed the California Climate Change Research Database website. He was part of the team that produced the 2014 report Achieving a Sustainable California Water Future through Innovations in Science and Technology and a co-author on Promoting Engagement of the California Community Colleges with the Maker Movement (2016) and The Maker Movement and K-12 Education (2017).

      DeCillis has presented CCST's work on a variety of projects in numerous venues (including the Legislature and the National Academies) both in California and abroad. Since 2002, he has served as primary writer and editor for CCST's Annual Report and newsletter; he is also responsible for design and management of the CCST website. From 2001- 2004 he served as the Managing Editor for the Journal of Robotic Systems. Prior to this, he worked as a paleographer and French instructor; he holds an M.A. and a Ph.D. in Romance Studies from Duke University and a B.A. with High Honors in French and Latin from Oberlin College.

      Sarah Brady Ph.D

      Deputy Director
      Project Director

      CCST

      Sarah Brady, Ph.D. is the Deputy Director for CCST. In addition to managing large-scale commissioned projects requested by the Legislature and state agencies, Sarah leads outreach efforts to connect CCST's network of experts with state decision makers.

      Prior to joining CCST, Sarah served as Legislative Director in Assemblywoman Susan Bonilla's office where she was hired after her placement as a CCST Science and Technology Policy Fellow in 2014. During her time with Assemblywoman Bonilla, Sarah initiated policy work to retain women in STEM careers by preventing pregnancy discrimination in graduate programs. As a result of legislation that she conceptualized and staffed through the process, the law now requires all California colleges to establish a family leave policy for their graduate students. Sarah also spearheaded legislation to increase the use of biomethane, reduce the cost of college textbooks, and improve access to computer science education. In addition, she conducted bill analysis and provided vote recommendations to Assemblywoman Bonilla on all bills related to utilities and commerce, energy, water, natural resources, and environmental toxicity.

      Sarah earned Bachelor's degrees in Chemistry and French from North Central College and a Doctorate in Chemistry at the University of Oregon researching the degradation of plastics. She was also a GK-12 Fellow and an NSF-IGERT Fellow where she worked at the Hong Kong Baptist University. In her free time, Sarah likes to watch the Green Bay Packers, brew beer, camp, and is the Co-Chair for the CCST Science Fellows Alumni Group.

      Amber Mace Ph.D

      Executive Director

      CCST

      Amber Mace, Ph.D. is the Executive Director of the California Council on Science and Technology (CCST) and is a Policy Fellow with the UC Davis Policy Institute for Energy, Environment and the Economy. Mace devotes her time to building new and revitalizing existing programs and organizations that are dedicated to increasing the impact and value of science-informed decision-making.Prior to this, Mace served as the Associate Director of the UC Davis Policy Institute for Energy, Environment and the Economy. She also served as the Executive Director of the California Ocean Protection Council (OPC) and Assistant Secretary for Coastal Matters at the California Natural Resources Agency. In this role she applied her background in ocean policy and marine ecology and collaborative leadership skills to guide the state in developing policies that promote the sustainable use of California's ocean ecosystem. Prior to that, she served in the dual roles of science advisor to the OPC and executive director of the California Ocean Science Trust, a non-profit whose mission is to provide objective, high-quality science to decision makers.

      She learned firsthand about the challenges of public policy-making at the federal level as a Knauss Fellow in the U.S. Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee, and at the state level as a California Sea Grant state fellow at the California Natural Resources Agency. Amber was recognized as a Coastal Hero by Sunset magazine in 2011 and her California coastal research experience includes piloting a submersible with the Sustainable Seas Expedition. She earned a Bachelor of Arts in geography from UC Berkeley and a doctorate in ecology from UC Davis and the Bodega Marine Laboratory.

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